For-profit higher education in the United States typically refers to higher education educational institutions operated by profit-seeking businesses. Other institutions are operated by public (government) agencies, frequently with direct taxpayer support, or by nonprofit corporations that must return reinvest all funds into the entity. Nonprofit and public institutions have long engaged in activities intended to generate a "profit" for the rest of the institution. As early as 1892, the University of Chicago operated a correspondence school, a money-making strategy emulated by many other universities. Since the 1980s commercialization in nonprofit and public higher education has accelerated, with universities increasingly involved in enterprises focused on generating net revenue, such as licensing of patents. Indicators of for-profit incursions into nonprofit and public higher education may include corporate sponsored science labs, for-profit mechanisms such as endowment money managers, for-profit fees for service, for-profit marketing, enrollment services and lead generation,
privatized campus services, for-profit online program managers (OPMs), privatized housing, private student loans, student loan servicers, student loan asset backed securities, and Human Capital Contracts, also known as income share agreements.
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